Editorial, Kathleen P. King and Barbara P. Heuer..........................................................................2

Research Articles

The Impact of Social Conditions on Adult Learning in
China by, Wang & Farmer …..……………………………………………………………….….3

Incorporating Playfulness in an Adult Classroom: A Playful
Adult Learning Activity (PALA*) by Spaulding ……..…..……..………..……..……..……….23

Teacher Voice Used to Transform “The Developing Adult”
in an Online Course, Cox ……………………………………………………………………...36

Research Summary

Predicting Self-efficacy in Online College Students,
Madonna & Philpot…... ……………………………………….…………….………….….....44

Issues and Trends

Participatory Culture, Yildiz & McNeal…………….…………………...............…………...47

Best Practice Article

Creating a Learning Center Inside a Prison Library,
Thomas ……………………….......………………………………………………………….50

Book Reviews

Review of Stephen Fraley's Community Integration Workbook,
by Joe Moran ………….…………..………….…………..………………….….…….…….56

Author's Guidelines......................................................................................Back inside cover